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In an ideal world, we’d all meet our daily nutrient needs through a whole-food, balanced diet. But life’s full of colorful chaos, and not every day includes those vibrant fruits and veggies.
Multivitamin supplements1 can help fill nutritional gaps, but they aren’t a cure-all or one-size-fits-all solution. As a registered dietitian, I always recommend consulting an expert to assess your body’s needs before introducing and trying new supplements. Also as a dietitian, I understand the fascination with supplements—especially when they’re marketed to boost immune health, prevent heart disease, enhance athletic performance, and [insert other bold promises here].
To evaluate the best multivitamins for women, men, athletes, and more, I teamed up with GGR’s expert testing team—a dynamic group of certified nutrition coaches, fellow dietitians, and personal trainers. Here’s what we considered:
- Ingredients and dosages: Does the formula include a broad spectrum of essential micronutrients at research-backed levels?
- Serving size: How many pills are we taking? One or several?
- Third-party testing: Can we trust the label’s claims for accuracy and purity?
- Price: Is it competitively priced, offering solid value for the cost? Are there savings with subscription options?
Medical disclaimer: This article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. For health advice, contact a licensed healthcare provider.
Best Multivitamins
- Best Overall Multivitamin: Transparent Labs Multivitamin
- Best Multivitamin for Women: Ritual Essential for Women 18+
- Best Multivitamin for Men: Ritual Essential for Men Multivitamin 18+
- Best Multivitamin with Probiotics: Nutricost Multivitamin
- Best Multivitamin for Active People: Onnit Total Human
- Best Personalized Multivitamin: Rootine Smart Multivitamin
- Best Liquid Multivitamin: Garden of Life Liquid Multivitamin
- Best Multivitamin for Athletes: Legion Triumph
Best Overall Multivitamin: Transparent Labs Multivitamin
Good for: Those looking for a high-quality, third-party-tested multivitamin with standout extras
Best Overall
Transparent Labs Multivitamin
Product Highlights
- Ultra-potent multivitamin designed for active adults
- No artificial sweeteners, coloring, or preservatives
- Available through a subscription or 1 time purchase
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Subscribe and save
- More than 20 ingredients
- Reported to be easy on the stomach
Cons
- May be sold out
- Only available from company website
- Limited customers reviews
- Large serving size that requires you to take 4 pills
Bottom Line
Transparent Labs Multivitamin is designed to support overall wellness for active adults. This supplement has limited but very positive reviews and may be sold out when you go to buy it.
Transparent Labs Multivitamin delivers a potent mix of vitamins and minerals, carefully formulated for maximum absorption thanks to chelated minerals2. But it’s not just the essentials, like vitamin A as beta carotene and vitamin D as cholecalciferol, that make this product shine—the unique extras give it a serious edge.
In addition to the often expected, you’ll find organic ashwagandha, an adaptogen that may reduce stress, fight inflammation, and improve sleep and memory. Its inclusion of N-acetylcysteine3, coenzyme Q104 (CoQ10), and boron citrate5 may enhance cognitive function, energy levels, and overall wellness even further.
Notably, the formula skips iron to be gentler on your stomach. If you need iron, consider supplementing separately based on your needs. It also leaves out vitamin E6, so don’t forget to eat those leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils if you opt for this daily multivitamin.
Each serving requires four capsules, which may be a lot for some. However, this ensures you get a robust dose of high-quality ingredients, a trade-off worth noting.
And true to its name, Transparent Labs maintains its reputation for, well, transparency. This multivitamin is third-party certified by Informed Choice, assuring athletes and health-conscious individuals it’s free from banned substances and safe for daily use.
Notable ingredients | B Vitamins, Boron Citrate, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Copper, Magnesium, N-Acetylcysteine, Magnesium, Organic Ashwagandha Root, Potassium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Zinc |
Form | Capsules |
Dose | 4 capsules daily |
Price per serving | $1.00 for a one-time purchase, $0.90 with a subscription |
Servings per container | 30 |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Best Multivitamin for Women: Ritual Essential for Women 18+
Good for: Women ages 18-48 seeking to bridge nutritional gaps with a simple, transparent formula
Best for Women
Ritual Essential for Women 18+
Product Highlights
- Clinically-backed formula for women age 18-49
- Made with 9 high-quality, traceable ingredients
- Patented beadlet oil technology
- Essenced with mint to maintain freshness
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Transparent ingredients
- Clinically studied
- Vegan
- Delayed-release
- Mild mint flavor
Cons
- Some users report they taste and smell like fish
- May cause indigestion
Bottom Line
Ritual Essential for Women is a clinically-backed, vegan multivitamin made with nine high-quality traceable ingredients.
Ritual’s sleek, minty capsules may catch your eye, but what’s inside matters most. As our top women’s multivitamin, it delivers key nutrients to support women’s health and receives high marks from our tester. Still, important details should be considered before adding it to your supplement stack.
Ritual Essential for Women 18+ delivers nine nutrients often missing from women’s diets—like vitamin D, iron, and folate. Interestingly, it skips some typical ingredients, such as calcium, with the rationale that most U.S. adults get enough from food. Instead, Ritual includes “helper nutrients” like vitamin D3, vitamin K2, magnesium, and boron to enhance calcium absorption from (ideally) a healthy diet.
This multitasking multivitamin also brings omega-3 fatty acids7 to the table, supporting heart health, brain function, and athletic performance. Unlike traditional fish-based sources, Ritual opts for vegan-friendly DHA sourced from microalgae, making it ideal for plant-based diets.
GGR Editor Frieda Johnson, a certified nutrition coach and specialist in exercise therapy, tested Ritual’s multivitamin for women and had a very positive experience. She gave Ritual 5-out-of-5-star ratings for both its taste and swallowability, noting, “The capsules taste and smell minty, which is very pleasant. They taste way better than most pills!”
Frieda also didn’t experience any side effects, giving it another perfect 5 out of 5 in this category. She noted, “I feel like these capsules actually upset my stomach less than other multivitamins I’ve tried.”
The only slight downside Frieda called out was its price, rating it a 4 out of 5. However, as mentioned in our full Ritual Vitamins Review, we think the cost is reasonable, given the brand’s commitment to traceable, intentional ingredients.
Notable ingredients | Boron, Iron, Folate, Magnesium, Omega-3 DHA, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K2 |
Form | Vegan Capsules |
Dose | 2 capsules daily |
Price per serving | $1.10 |
Servings per container | 30 |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Best Multivitamin for Men: Ritual Essential for Men Multivitamin 18+
Good for: Men ages 18-48 seeking a simple, transparent multivitamin to fill nutritional gaps
Best for Men
Ritual Essential for Men Multivitamin 18+
Product Highlights
- Scientifically developed multivitamin
- 10 ingredients to support health
- Vegan, gluten- and major allergen-free, non-GMO, and no artificial colors
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Made Traceable with visible supply chain
- Free shipping and money back guarantee with subscription
- Delayed release capsule
Cons
- Customer complaints about the mint flavor
- Expensive at more than $1 per serving
- Only available from company website
- Limited number of customer reviews
Bottom Line
The Ritual Essential for Men Multivitamin 18+ is a well reviewed multivitamin with quality ingredients. The only notable complaint was the mint flavoring.
Ritual Essential for Men Multivitamin 18+ targets common nutritional gaps for men ages 18 to 49 and skips the overwhelming ingredient lists common in other multivitamins. With just 10 carefully selected ingredients sourced from traceable locations, Ritual puts simplicity and transparency at the forefront.
RELATED: Best Multivitamins for Men
Within the minty capsule, Ritual’s formulation for men includes vital nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D3, magnesium, vitamin A, and zinc—important for supporting heart, brain, muscle, and immune health. Notably, minerals, such as magnesium and zinc, are chelated to improve absorption so your body can best use them.
However, the pared-down ingredient list may leave some needs unmet. For example, it doesn’t include calcium, which is crucial for bone health8—especially if you follow a dairy-free or vegan diet9. It’s also missing other essentials like vitamin C, iron, selenium, chromium, and a range of B vitamins.
That’s not to say it’s a “bad” choice. The key is making sure it aligns with your unique nutritional needs. If it does, you can trust that Ritual’s commitment to rigorous sourcing and testing makes this a solid option.
Notable ingredients | Boron, Folate, Magnesium, Omega-3 DHA, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K2, Zinc |
Form | Vegan Capsules |
Dose | 2 capsules daily |
Price per serving | $1.10 |
Servings per container | 30 |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Best Multivitamin with Probiotics: Nutricost Multivitamin
Good for: Anyone looking to fill nutritional gaps and support gut health
Best With Probiotics
Nutricost Multivitamins
Product Highlights
- Budget-friendly
- High doses of 22 vitamins and minerals
- Probiotics for gut health
- Dairy-free, soy-free, non-GMO, gluten-free
- Third-party tested
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Affordable
- Research-backed doses of 22 vitamins and minerals
- Probiotics for gut health
- 60 servings per bottle
- 60 day money-back-guarantee
Cons
- Some customers say the capsules taste bad and can be hard to swallow
Bottom Line
Nutricost Multivitamins has research-backed doses of 22 vitamins and minerals, and is also one of the most affordable multivitamin supplements.
Nutricost goes beyond delivering 100% of the daily value for many essential vitamins and minerals, using highly bioavailable forms. It also includes probiotics10—those “good” bacteria that can improve your gut microbiome and overall health.
Looking closer at the formula, you’ll find 45 milligrams of a probiotic blend featuring fungal protease, fungal lactase, and lactobacillus acidophilus. However, unlike the best probiotics, the exact number of colony-forming units (CFUs) or active fluorescent units (AFUs)—common measures of probiotic potency—isn’t disclosed. Still, registered dietitian Perry Nix suggests this blend may support microbiome diversity, aid digestion, and relieve symptoms like bloating.
Regarding vitamins and minerals, as highlighted in our full Nutricost Multivitamin Review, some dosages are over the mark or fall short. Most vitamins are well above the recommended intake, which raises concerns about potential toxicity11—especially with the fat-soluble vitamins A and E. On the flip side, calcium and magnesium levels are low, which could be an issue for those not getting enough through their diet.
On the plus side, Nutricost is one of the most budget-friendly options, currently costing under $0.30 per serving on Amazon. GGR Senior Director of Content Kate Meier, NASM-CPT, USAW-L1, CF-L1, rated its affordability a perfect 5 out of 5, alongside other top marks.
After testing, Kate mentioned a slight “vitamin-y” taste but still gave its flavor and swallowability a 5 out of 5 score. Plus, she experienced no negative side effects, sealing another 5 out of 5 for overall satisfaction.
Notable ingredients | B Vitamins, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Zinc |
Form | Capsules |
Dose | 2 capsules daily |
Price per serving | $0.23 |
Servings per container | 60 |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Best Multivitamin for Active People: Onnit Total Human
Good for: Anyone seeking a robust multivitamin and supplement pack to complement an active lifestyle
Best for Active People
Onnit Total Human
Product Highlights
- Complete supplement packs
- Day and night packs of supplements
- All-in-one product
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Subscribe and save
- Combination of Onnit’s best products
- Day pack for energy and night pack for better sleep
- High dosages of vitamins and minerals
Cons
- Customers complain of receiving only partial doses of multiple supplements
- Relatively expensive
- More than 15 pills per day
Bottom Line
Onnit Total Human is an expensive supplement pack with a lot of pills, designed for people that want everything they need in one place and want to use a variety of Onnit’s products.
Endorsed and backed by none other than Joe Rogan himself, Onnit Total Human is designed to help you think sharper, feel better, and perform at your peak. While we can’t guarantee you’ll achieve Rogan-level success, we can guarantee one thing: Taking Onnit Total Human will definitely keep you busier than most multis. With a total of 16 pills—split between morning and night—you’ll be supporting your physical, mental, and emotional well-being at every stage of the day.
Now, if you’re hesitant about the daily pill intake, our trusted product tester, Jacob Penner, a USA Weightlifting Level 1 Coach and gym owner, has some reassuring words. “I feel a lot clearer with noticeably less brain fog. I truly feel very good when I take these, and if I miss a day, I notice that I don’t feel as good. Every night that I have taken them, I have slept all the way through the night. Also, I’ve noticed I wake up a little easier than normal.”
So, what’s actually in these Rogan-approved capsules? Well, if you’re curious, our Onnit Total Human Review dives into the full ingredient list. Spoiler alert: It’s packed! From muscle-building amino acids to energy-supporting B vitamins12 to green “superfoods” like spirulina and chlorella to support endurance, Onnit’s not your typical multivitamin.
But there are two potential hurdles: One—the cost, which is about $4.60 a day. You can save with a subscription, but it’s still a hefty investment, leading to a 3 out of 5 rating on cost. And two, the large number of pills you’ll take daily, divided between day and night packs.
However, Jacob had no complaints about swallowing them. In fact, he gave the taste and ease of swallowing a perfect 5 out of 5. So, while the price might be a bit hard to swallow, the pills themselves? Not so much!
Notable ingredients | Amino Acids, Antioxidants, Ashwagandha, Astaxanthin, B Vitamins, Chlorella, Copper, Cordyceps, Krill Oil, Lemon Balm, Selenium, Spirulina, Vitamin E, Zinc |
Form | Capsules |
Dose | 16 pills split between two 8-packs |
Price per serving | $4.60 |
Servings per container | 30 |
Third-party testing? | Not specified |
Best Personalized Multivitamin: Rootine Smart Multivitamin
Good for: Anyone seeking a personalized approach to their vitamins and minerals
Best Personalized
Rootine Smart Multivitamins
Product Highlights
- Individualized multivitamin supplement
- Formulated using results from blood tests
- Tests available for blood vitamin content, mineral content, hormones, and DNA
- Can use third-party DNA test results
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Personalized based on blood test results
- Slow-release microbeads
- Blood vitamin, mineral, and hormone tests available
- Can upload third-party DNA test results
Cons
- No robust evidence to back up DNA-based nutrition
- Expensive, starting at $94/month
- Subscription required
Bottom Line
Rootine Smart Multivitamins are personalized vitamin and mineral supplements based on your individual nutritional needs. Rootine uses tests for blood vitamin content, blood mineral content, some hormones, and DNA to determine your vitamin formula.
Most multivitamins aim for the masses, using a one-size-fits-all approach. But if you’re seeking a more customized solution, Rootine Smart Multivitamin might be just what you’re looking for.
Touted as the best supplement for biohacking, Rootine tailors its multivitamin formulas based on your specific lab results from DNA, vitamin, and mineral tests. You can choose any or all of these assessments to optimize your supplement mix to your body’s needs, though not all 20 nutrients used—like selenium to support a strong immune system13 and calcium for bone health—are guaranteed to be in your pack.
While genetic testing14 can reveal predispositions to nutrient deficiencies, the science regarding using DNA to identify precise vitamin deficiencies isn’t fully there yet. To save on costs, you could reuse a DNA test from platforms like AncestryDNA or skip the DNA test altogether. With a price tag of $94 per month (and a three-month minimum commitment), Rootine is an investment.
That said, the premium price isn’t just for personalization. Rootine’s microbead technology releases nutrients gradually over six hours, aiming for better absorption. Although this slow-release method sounds impressive, solid evidence proving it outperforms standard multivitamins is still lacking.
But what Rootine lacks in research shines in its commitment to quality. Every batch is rigorously tested for microbiology, heavy metals, and banned substances in-house and through third-party labs. This extra layer of scrutiny ensures you get a trustworthy product.
Learn more in our full Rootine Vitamins review.
Notable ingredients | Varies based on individual needs but may include: Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Omega-3s, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Zinc |
Form | Microbeads |
Dose | 1 pack of microbeads daily |
Price per serving | $3.13 |
Servings per container | 90 (to cover 3 months) |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Best Liquid Multivitamin: Garden of Life Liquid Multivitamin
Good for: Those who prefer a liquid nutrient boost over pills
Best Liquid
Garden of Life Liquid Multivitamin
Product Highlights
- Vegetarian liquid multivitamin made with whole food vitamins and minerals
- Features 46 superfoods and 34 powdered fruits, veggies, and sprouts
- Listed benefits: Support mental and physical energy, healthy heart, cellular protection, immune support, healthy metabolism, joints, and bones
Pros & Cons
Pros
- No artificial flavors, sweeteners, colors, or additives
- Dairy, soy, and gluten free and NON-GMO
- Features 46 superfoods
- Customer reviews found it effective
Cons
- Contains the allergen tree nuts
- Mixed reviews on taste
- Some customers experienced negative digestive symptoms
Bottom Line
The Garden of Life Liquid Multivitamin contains a wide variety of ingredients from whole foods without fillers. The customer reviews generally found this multivitamins effective. However, the taste had very mixed reviews, with some customers finding it so bad they refused to finish the bottle they purchased. There were also customers that experienced negative digestive symptoms like nausea.
If swallowing capsules isn’t your thing, you may dig Garden of Life Liquid Multivitamin. True to its name, this sip-worthy supplement packs a punch with 46 superfoods and 34 powdered fruits, veggies, and sprouts.
We’ll highlight the cliff notes because 46 superfoods and 34 powdered plants are a lot to process! Some standouts include essential micronutrients and interesting additions like mushrooms and veggie juices. Yet a few elements raise eyebrows.
RELATED: Greens Powder vs Multivitamins
Bob Iafelice, RD, notes, “Some of the nutrients present are in forms not supported by research, like brown rice chelate.” He also flags the folate and vitamin B12 as less-than-ideal forms, explaining, “They typically appear as 5-MTHF as folate and methylcobalamin as B12.” Plus, the proprietary blend means we don’t know the exact amounts of those superfoods, leading Bob to rate the formula 3 out of 5.
Bob also cautions about the drawbacks of liquid vitamins: “They have a short shelf life—typically 60 days or less—and are susceptible to rancidity.” Still, if pills simply aren’t your thing or you follow a vegan diet, this plant-based liquid multi could be a practical solution.
On the upside, Garden of Life boasts third-party testing and holds GMO-free, organic certifications, giving it a quality seal of approval.
Notable ingredients | B Vitamins, Chromium, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Zinc, Raw Organic Fruit & Vegetable Blend, Raw Organic Mushroom Mycelia Blend, Raw Organic Sprout Blend |
Form | Liquid |
Dose | 1 capful (about 30 mL or 1 fl oz) |
Price per serving | $1.33 |
Servings per container | 30 |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Best Multivitamin for Athletes: Legion Triumph
Good for: Athletes seeking a trusted and safe multivitamin
Best for Athletes
Legion Triumph
Product Highlights
- Can be purchased in a male or female dosage
- Contains clinically effective doses
- Made in the USA
- NSF-certified, FDA-inspected and cGMP-compliant facilities
- Lab tested for purity
- Legion provides access to clinical studies
Pros & Cons
Pros
- Direct access to peer-reviewed studies
- All-natural ingredients
- Different ingredients for men and women
- No additives
- Users report improved mood and overall well-being
Cons
- One serving is 8 capsules
- Reports of the capsules smelling bad
Bottom Line
Legion Triumph is a multivitamin made with 100% natural ingredients and formulated with clinically effective doses of essential vitamins and minerals, as well as 10 well-researched ingredients documented to improve overall physical and mental health, athletic performance, and mood.
Legion Triumph stands out as a leading multivitamin for athletes for several reasons. First and foremost, it’s NSF-certified and FDA-inspected, meaning you can trust the transparency of its label—a crucial factor for athletes subject to drug testing. Knowing exactly what’s in your supplements is essential when your performance and reputation are on the line.
Legion Triumph provides distinct formulations for men and women, each with unique vitamins, minerals, and specialized ingredients. The women’s formula incorporates ingredients like iron, maca, tribulus terrestris, and vitex agnus-castus, while the men’s version features nigella sativa, ashwagandha root extract, and pumpkin seed extract.
Despite the variations, both formulations aim to support performance, mood, sexual health, and overall well-being. They also share essential micronutrients like vitamin D for bone health, B12 for red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis, and zinc for its antioxidant and potential to reduce cardiovascular disease and improve function15.
GGR Senior Staff Writer Lauren Strong, CPT, tested Legion Triumph and shared some insights: “I probably would not take this in the morning because of the iron, which I found with iron supps alone gave me a stomach ache.” While individual experiences may vary, this is worth considering.
Lauren also appreciated the nighttime benefits, remarking, “I think the magnesium and zinc blend helps my sleep. Other than that I didn’t notice much, but I did reduce my serving size by half because I’m supposed to take 8 pills!!!” This aligns with Legion’s strong stance against one-a-day products, emphasizing that effective multivitamins require higher doses for maximum benefit.
The quality and potency of their formulation are further validated by third-party testing, reinforcing you get what you pay for. But for any reason you’re unsatisfied with Triumph, Legion offers a generous “No Return Necessary” money-back guarantee.
Notable ingredients | Varies for men (Nigella Sativa, Ashwagandha Root Extract, Pumpkin Seed Extract) and women (Iron, Maca, Tribulus Terrestris, vitex agnus-castus) but shares essential vitamins and minerals like B Vitamins, Calcium, Magnesium, Selenium, and Vitamins A, C, D, E, K1, K2 |
Form | Capsules |
Dose | 8 capsules per day |
Price per serving | $1.67 for a one-time purchase, $1.50 with a subscription |
Servings per container | 30 |
Third-party testing? | Yes |
Other Multivitamins We Tested
While we kept our top picks list concise, we researched and tested other multivitamins that might appeal to some consumers, including:
- Future Kind Essential: A solid, high-quality option for a vegan-friendly multivitamin.
- Nature Made Multi for Her: A great budget-friendly pick, we just aimed for gender-neutral recommendations as much as possible in this round-up.
- SmartyPants Multivitamin Gummies: Gummy vitamins with various formulations, including a prenatal multivitamin, sugar-free multis for men and women, and formulas tailored for older adults.
How We Picked and Tested the Best Multivitamins
Choosing the best multivitamins requires a well-rounded approach, and we rely on our GGR supplement testing methodology for guidance. Here’s how we sifted through the countless options to narrow down our top picks:
- Nutritional variety: While we aimed to keep our list gender-neutral, we recognize that everyone’s nutritional needs are unique. With that in mind, we’ve ensured our picks cater to a wide range of needs—from women and men to athletes and those seeking personalized options.
- Essential nutrients and dosages: We prioritized multivitamins offering medium to high doses of essential vitamins and minerals while limiting those with potentially harmful levels.
- Bioavailability: We favored options with highly absorbable nutrients, like chelated minerals, ensuring your body gets the most from every dose.
- Purposeful extras: We aimed to ensure every extra ingredient included had a beneficial purpose—like probiotics for gut health or ashwagandha to boost cognitive function. We also minimized formulas with unnecessary additives like artificial colors, fillers, and preservatives.
- Price: Quality multivitamins don’t have to break the bank. Our selections span various price points without skimping on effectiveness or safety.
- Third-party testing and certifications: We prioritized supplements that have undergone rigorous third-party testing by reputable organizations such as NSF International, USP, or ConsumerLab to guarantee quality and purity.
Benefits of Multivitamins
While getting your daily nutrients from whole foods should take priority, a multivitamin acts as “nutritional insurance,” conveniently filling any gaps in your diet. However, it’s important to note that a multivitamin isn’t a magic fix, and its potential health benefits depend on your lifestyle habits and the chosen formula. Still, providing the body with adequate amounts of micronutrients supports:
- Energy production: B vitamins (except folate) are critical players in the body’s energy production system, helping to convert calories into usable energy. Vitamin C, iron, and magnesium help combat fatigue and ensure optimal energy metabolism12.
- Strong bones: Calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium are powerhouses for bone health. These nutrients help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures, especially as we age8.
- Cognition and brain health: Certain vitamins and minerals—such as thiamine, folate, zinc, and iron—play a vital role in brain function and cognitive health. These nutrients support the structure of brain cells and help maintain mental sharpness12.
- Immune function: Vitamins C and D, zinc, selenium, and iron are essential immune-supporting nutrients13.
- Reproductive health and pregnancy: Micronutrients like folic acid, calcium, zinc, selenium, iron, and vitamins D, B12, E, and C play a key role in reproductive health16 for men and women, with a strong impact during pregnancy.
Dosing and Interactions
No two health journeys are alike, and with so many multivitamin options out there, a one-size-fits-all dosing guide just doesn’t exist. However, here are some useful tips and key precautions:
- Water-soluble vitamins (like B vitamins and vitamin C) are typically flushed out by the body, so they’re less risky, even at higher doses.
- Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) can build up over time, potentially causing serious health issues if over-consumed.
- Iron toxicity17 is particularly dangerous for children but poses risks for adults, too.
- Excess folic acid18 may negatively affect the immune system and cognition in children and older adults, among other risks.
- Vitamin A toxicity19 can damage the liver, bones, nervous system, and skin.
- Vitamin K and CoQ10 can interfere with blood thinners, reducing their effectiveness.
With these risks in mind, always consult a healthcare professional before starting any multivitamin or supplement to avoid dangerous interactions with medications.
Third-Party Testing
The FDA doesn’t strictly regulate dietary supplements but establishes Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs) to ensure quality. Companies can opt for voluntary third-party testing to confirm product purity and safety. Some trusted seals of approval to look for include:
- Informed-Sport
- National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)
- NSF Certified for Sport
- US Pharmacopeia (USP) Verification
Additionally, products may carry certifications for dietary preferences, such as Certified Gluten-Free or USDA Organic, helping you make more informed choices. Contact the company or choose another trusted, transparent product if you’re unsure about third-party testing or certifications.
Buying Guide: What to Look for in the Best Multivitamins
Before diving into the multivitamin aisle, determining if you need one is the first step. Consulting with a healthcare professional—whether a physician or dietitian—can help clarify if a multivitamin is right for you and ensure you choose one that is safe and effective for your unique needs. Knowing what to look for can help you make an informed decision.
Nutrients and Dosages
Getting enough essential micronutrients is crucial, but your specific needs may vary based on factors like gender, life stage, and diet.
For example, pregnant women might benefit from a prenatal vitamin rich in choline, folate, and other key nutrients that support a healthy pregnancy. Age20 also plays a role—older adults, especially women, may need more calcium for bone health. Likewise, those following a vegan or mostly plant-based diet should look for multivitamins that provide nutrients typically found in animal products, such as vitamin B12 and iron.
Additionally, more isn’t always better. Excessive doses of certain vitamins, like A and E, can be harmful. So, while meeting your nutritional needs is crucial, avoid megadoses that could lead to toxicity.
As you can see, nutritional requirements vary widely, making professional guidance a smart move when deciding which multivitamin is right for you.
Overall Formulation
Not all multivitamins are created equal, and some offer more than the expected vitamins and minerals. If you’re looking for a little extra from your daily dose, consider multivitamins that include beneficial extras like probiotics or adaptogens. On the flip side, avoiding unnecessary additives like preservatives and fillers is recommended.
Additionally, select a formulation that aligns with any dietary restrictions and preferences, whether it be gluten-free or vegan-friendly. If you have allergies, check the label for common allergens like wheat, soy, and tree nuts.
Intake Form
How you take your multivitamin matters just as much as what’s in it. If swallowing soft gels and capsules feels like a chore, go for chewable, liquid, or gummy vitamins. The best multivitamin is the one you’ll actually use, so choose a form that fits seamlessly into your routine.
Budget
Consistency is key to meeting your nutritional needs, so choose a multivitamin that aligns with your budget. Fortunately, plenty of high-quality options won’t break the bank.
Third-Party Testing
For peace of mind, prioritize multivitamins that have undergone third-party testing by organizations like USP or NSF International. These independent tests verify that what’s promised on the label is exactly what’s in the bottle, ensuring purity, potency, and safety.
FAQs About the Best Multivitamins
Which multivitamins are most effective?
The most effective multivitamin depends on your unique needs—some may benefit from a complete multivitamin with all essential micronutrients, while others may require a targeted option for specific deficiencies. For maximum effect, multivitamins should complement—not replace—a healthy diet and lifestyle.
Which brand is best for multivitamins?
We don’t declare a single “best” multivitamin brand because the right choice depends on individual needs and preferences. However, several standout brands consistently excel in areas central to our GGR methodology—such as label transparency, third-party testing, and value.
Some standout options include Transparent Labs, Ritual, Legion, Nutricost, Onnit, Rootine, and Garden of Life.
Do doctors recommend multivitamins?
According to the American Medical Association21, doctors generally agree that a balanced diet provides the necessary nutrients for most people. However, in specific cases—such as after bariatric surgery or during pregnancy—they may recommend targeted supplements and emphasize the importance of consulting a doctor before starting any, as some multivitamin supplements can pose risks or interfere with medications.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any diseases.
References
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- Mattar, G., Haddarah, A., Haddad, J., Pujola, M., & Sepulcre, F. (2022). New approaches, bioavailability and the use of chelates as a promising method for food fortification. Food Chemistry, 373(Pt A), 131394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131394
- Dean, O., Giorlando, F., & Berk, M. (2011). N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 36(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.100057
- Coenzyme Q10 – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Www.sciencedirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/coenzyme-q10
- Pizzorno L. (2015). Nothing Boring About Boron. Integrative Medicine, 14(4), 35–48.
- National Institutes of Health. (2021, March 26). Office of Dietary Supplements – Vitamin E. Nih.gov. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/
- Novotny, K., Fritz, K., & Parmar, M. (2021). Omega-3 Fatty Acids. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564314/
- Zhang Q. (2023). New Insights into Nutrients for Bone Health and Disease. Nutrients, 15(12), 2648. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122648
- Bickelmann, F. V., Leitzmann, M. F., Keller, M., Baurecht, H., & Jochem, C. (2023). Calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(31), 10659–10677. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2084027
- Hill, C., Guarner, F., Reid, G., Gibson, G. R., Merenstein, D. J., Pot, B., Morelli, L., Canani, R. B., Flint, H. J., Salminen, S., Calder, P. C., & Sanders, M. E. (2014). The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 11(8), 506–514. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
- Wooltorton E. (2003). Too much of a good thing? Toxic effects of vitamin and mineral supplements. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 169(1), 47–48.
- Tardy, A. L., Pouteau, E., Marquez, D., Yilmaz, C., & Scholey, A. (2020). Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence. Nutrients, 12(1), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010228
- Calder P. C. (2022). Foods to deliver immune-supporting nutrients. Current Opinion in Food Science, 43, 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.12.006
- Naureen, Z., Miggiano, G. A. D., Aquilanti, B., Velluti, V., Matera, G., Gagliardi, L., Zulian, A., Romanelli, R., & Bertelli, M. (2020). Genetic test for the prescription of diets in support of physical activity. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 91(13-S), e2020011. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10584
- Hara, T., Yoshigai, E., Ohashi, T., & Fukada, T. (2023). Zinc in Cardiovascular Functions and Diseases: Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms for Therapeutic Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(8), 7152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087152
- Ma, X., Wu, L., Wang, Y., Han, S., El-Dalatony, M. M., Feng, F., Tao, Z., Yu, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). Diet and human reproductive system: Insight of omics approaches. Food Science & Nutrition, 10(5), 1368–1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2708
- Yuen, H.-W., & Becker, W. (2019, October 30). Iron Toxicity. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459224/
- National Institutes of Health. (2022, November 30). Office of Dietary Supplements – Folate. Nih.gov; National Institutes of Health. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/
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- Institute of Medicine (US) Food Forum. (2010). Nutrition Concerns for Aging Populations. National Library of Medicine; National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK51837/
- Berg, S. (2021, October 1). What doctors wish patients knew about vitamins and supplements. American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-vitamins-and-supplements
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In an ideal world, we’d all meet our daily nutrient needs through a whole-food, balanced diet. But life’s full of colorful chaos, and not every day includes those vibrant fruits and veggies. Multivitamin supplements1 can help fill nutritional gaps, but they aren’t a cure-all or one-size-fits-all solution. As a registered dietitian, I always recommend consulting an expert to assess your body’s needs before introducing and trying new supplements. Also as a dietitian, » Read more about: Best Multivitamins (2024): Experts Uncap Nutrient Boosts for a Variety of Needs » Read more