Although women are the strongest, most badass creatures to ever walk the earth, sometimes we need a little extra oomph to power through a workout. That’s where high-quality pre-workout supplements can come in. These dietary supplements can help you crush a high-intensity sweat session, utilizing common ingredients like caffeine, l-citrulline, and beta-alanine. But with hundreds of pre-workouts on the market, how do you choose?
The best pre-workout for women will support increased energy levels, exercise performance, and even muscle growth with (hopefully) few or no side effects.
Our team here at GGR knows pretty much everything you should know about home gym equipment, supplements included. We also teamed up with Laila Ouldibbat, a New York City-based registered dietitian and Ph.D. candidate in biological sciences, to get her input on the best pre-workout supplements for women.
Editor’s note: We intend the term “women” to include all women, including trans women. However, we recognize that almost all research on this topic has focused on cis women (i.e., women who are not trans). For that reason, when we reference gender-based research and nutritional recommendations, we will clarify by saying “cis women.” We encourage trans and nonbinary people of all genders to check in with a trans-competent nutritionist regarding their supplements and training needs.
Medical disclaimer: This article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. For health advice, contact a licensed healthcare provider. GGR also recommends choosing a product that has been third-party tested for quality.
GGR Gold Pick – Best Best Pre-Workout for Women
1st Phorm Project-1 is our pick for the best pre-workout for women. It contains proven ingredients in research-backed doses without providing too much caffeine, and earns 5 out of 5 stars for its formulation. We also appreciate that it contains 5 grams of creatine monohydrate in each scoop.
Best Pre-Workout for Women
- Best Pre-Workout for Women Overall: 1st Phorm Project-1 is third-party tested, has a fully transparent label, and also contains a full 5-gram dose of creatine per serving.
- Best Budget Pre-Workout for Women: Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout costs less than $1 per serving and has 300 milligrams of caffeine per serving.
- Best Pre-Workout for Women for Weight Loss: Transparent Labs LEAN contains a blend of energy-enhancing and metabolism-supporting ingredients.
- Best Tasting Pre-Workout for Women: Jacked Factory Nitrosurge has delicious flavors and our tester says it’s what helps her get out of bed for her early-morning workouts.
- Best Caffeinated Pre-Workout for Women: Legion Pulse will give you steady energy without a crash, even if you only take half a serving.
Current Top Deals
- Legion Pulse Pre-Workout – BOGO up to 50% off sitewide
- 1st Phorm Project-1 Pre-Workout – Free shipping on orders over $150
- Transparent Labs LEAN Pre-Workout – Free shipping on orders over $99
How We Selected the Best Pre-Workout for Women
For this category, we consider the ingredients in a given pre-workout, and whether or not they’re included in researched-back doses. We also check for any proprietary blends, which can hide the ingredient quantity, as well as the overall stimulant dosage.
To earn 3 out of 5 stars, we may see proven ingredients, but not at research-backed doses, or the stimulant dosing may be a bit too high. Those that contain safe ingredients in evidence-backed doses earn higher scores.
This is a subjective, but important category, since nobody wants to spend their hard-earned money on a product they don’t enjoy using. We primarily lean on our personal testing experience to score this category, though we also consider the total number of available flavors. To earn 3 out of 5 stars, the pre-workout isn’t offensive, but it’s not great, either. Higher scores are awarded to pre-workouts we genuinely love, and look forward to drinking over and over again.
Third-party testing is used to verify that a product contains exactly what is listed on the label, with no additional ingredients or contaminants. While the FDA has supplement guidelines in place, brands aren’t required to prove they meet them before going to market, so third-party testing helps ensure product safety.
To get a 3 out of 5, the company seems fairly transparent but the product is not certified by a major organization like NSF, Informed Choice, or the Banned Substance Control Group (BSCG). Certification by one of those agencies earns a pre-workout a 5-out-of-5 score.
Before assigning a score to any pre-workout, we mix it according to the label instructions, and test it for solubility, taste, side effects, and more. We also try it before a workout and monitor our performance, noting any improvements in energy, focus, or pump. After testing, we calculate a final score using our pre-workout testing methodology.
Our team of expert testers includes certified personal trainers, nutrition coaches, athletes, and more. As a team, we’ve tested nearly 100 pre-workout supplements and counting, and in addition to our own experience, we regularly consult with registered dietitians to get their input on various formulations.
Latest Updates
In September 2026, we reviewed our list of the best pre-workouts for women and made a few changes based on our latest testing. 1st Phorm Project-1 now earns our top recommendation, and we swapped out picks that didn’t score as well in categories like price per serving, formulation, and solubility.
Best Pre-Workout for Women Overall: 1st Phorm Project-1
1st Phorm Project-1 packs several well-dosed pre-workout staples into one formula, including 5 grams of creatine, 6 grams of citrulline, and 3.2 grams of beta-alanine. We like the more moderate 200 milligrams of caffeine compared with Project-1 Pro, but stimulant-sensitive athletes and anyone training close to bedtime may want a caffeine-free option instead.
| 1st Phorm Project-1 | Average Pre-Workout | |
| Price per serving | $2.85 | $1.51 |
| Serving size | 20.5 g | 14 g |
| Caffeine content | 200 mg | 170 mg |
| Number of flavors | 4 | 6 |
| Third-party tested? | Yes | Yes |
If you’re looking for a well-formulated pre-workout that provides clinically-dosed ingredients, without going overboard on the caffeine content, 1st Phorm Project-1 is an excellent choice. It’s formulated with ingredients to support energy levels, mental focus, and muscular endurance, while promoting better blood flow and strength output.
One of the standout ingredients is creatine monohydrate, which is dosed at the recommended 5-gram serving. It’s one of the most well-researched sports performance supplements that delivers powerful health benefits, and with Project-1, you won’t need to bother with a separate creatine supplement.
Why We Like 1st Phorm Project-1
- The label clearly lists the quantities for each ingredient, with no proprietary blends.
- It’s third-party tested to ensure product purity and label accuracy.
- Each scoop contains a full 5 grams of creatine, which can save you money if you’re used to buying creatine on its own.
I felt like I was able to push through those last few reps of each set more than I usually can in my workouts. This particular workout I did calls for supersets with minimum rest time between sets, which usually is hard for me to stick to, but with the pre-workout I felt more able to quickly transition between exercises.
GGR Expert Product Tester
What We Didn’t Like About 1st Phorm Project-1
- It costs more than the average pre-workout formula on the market.
- You can’t order it on Amazon to receive free Prime shipping.
- There are only four flavors to choose from, which may not fit everyone’s taste preferences.
We love Project-1, but if you prefer to have more flavor options to choose from, you may want to consider Jacked Factory Nitrosurge, our pick for the best-tasting pre-workout for women.
Best Budget Pre-Workout for Women: Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout
Nutricost Pre-X is an affordable pre-workout at about $1 per serving. There are five flavors to choose from, each with a light and refreshing taste. Each serving contains 300 milligrams of caffeine, which is equivalent to about 3 cups of coffee.
What our tester says:
“With this one, even two hours after taking it, I didn’t have a comedown, crash, or feel tired. I could still work really hard through my sessions.”
| Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout | Average Pre-Workout | |
| Price per serving | $0.63-$0.83 | $1.51 |
| Serving size | 17 g | 14 g |
| Caffeine content | 300 mg | 170 mg |
| Number of flavors | 3 | 6 |
| Third-party tested? | Yes | Yes |
For those looking for a budget-friendly pre-workout formula that still packs a punch, we love Nutricost Pre-X. It’s priced under a dollar per serving, and provides a full 300 milligrams of caffeine, which is nearly twice as much as most pre-workouts.
In addition to being very affordable, it earns 4 out of 5 stars for its formulation, which contains beneficial ingredients like alpha-GPC. Perry Nix, MS, RD, says, “Alpha-GPC is recognized as a nootropic due to its ability to enhance cognitive function, potentially improving memory and learning abilities.”
Why We Like Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout
- It’s one of the most affordable options on the market, but doesn’t sacrifice any quality.
- The 300 milligrams of caffeine per serving provides a strong energy boost for tough workouts.
- Our testers said the flavors are excellent.
I think this is one of the best formulas, and I’ve tested more than 50 pre-workouts. This feels like a clean product without anything stupid in it, so it’s not causing negative side effects. I feel the way I should feel after taking a pre-workout.
Jacob Penner, USA Weightlifting L-2 coach
What We Didn’t Like About Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout
- While it tastes good, there are only three flavors to choose from.
- Those sensitive to caffeine may find this to be a bit too strong.
- It doesn’t mix as well as other pre-workouts, and may leave small clumps or floaters.
If you prefer a more moderate dose of caffeine, but still want a great formulation, we recommend 1st Phorm Project-1.
To learn more, be sure to read our complete Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout review.
Best Pre-Workout for Women for Weight Loss: Transparent Labs LEAN
Transparent Labs’ LEAN pre-workout supplement promises to deliver better endurance, power, alertness, and focus. The fat loss component is less of a guarantee with few reports of an actual change in body composition.
What our tester says:
“It was slightly bitter and not too sweet—an okay combination. Although, it didn’t dissolve completely, that didn’t affect the experience, in my opinion.”
| Transparent Labs LEAN | Average Pre-Workout | |
| Price per serving | $1.66 | $1.51 |
| Serving size | 13.8 g | 14 g |
| Caffeine content | 180 mg | 170 mg |
| Number of flavors | 9 | 6 |
| Third-party tested? | Yes | Yes |
While a supplement alone won’t be your magic answer to weight loss, Transparent Labs’ LEAN is marketed toward those who want to lose body fat. It contains a “fat-burning and thyroid support complex,” which includes some important vitamins and minerals like iodine, zinc, and selenium that can potentially support healthy thyroid function and thus support weight loss. And we say potentially, because the research is not conclusive.
RELATED: Best Cardio Machines for Weight Loss
We also like that it has 180 milligrams of caffeine to support energy levels when your food intake is a bit lower. Laila Oulidbbat, R.D., says this is a relatively lower dose, but that moderate doses of caffeine have been shown to not negatively interfere with natural thermoregulation (the body’s ability to regulate its temperature) like higher doses potentially can.
Why We Like Transparent Labs LEAN
- It contains a blend of thermogenic ingredients designed to provide energy and support your metabolism.
- It’s available in nine flavors, so there’s something for everyone.
- Transparent Labs uses strong third-party testing with results available on the product page.
I tried Tropical Punch and although it tasted slightly bitter to me, it’s not overly sweet, which I appreciate. Solubility is not the best, but that didn’t detract too much from the experience overall.
Nicole Davis, CPT, PN1-NC
What We Didn’t Like About Transparent Labs LEAN
- While we like the ingredients, some of them are slightly underdosed compared to our testing standards, like betaine and beta-alanine.
- It claims to support weight loss, but that’s mostly driven by your nutrition and activity levels, not a supplement.
- The price per serving is slightly higher than the average supplement.
If you prefer a more affordable option, you really can’t go wrong with Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout.
Read our Transparent Labs LEAN Review to learn more about our experience using this supplement.
Best Tasting Pre-Workout for Women: Jacked Factory Nitrosurge
Jacked Factory Nitrosurge Pre-Workout is a generally positively reviewed pre-workout with 180 milligrams of caffeine and a large variety of flavor options.
What our tester says:
“I like that you still get 180 milligrams of caffeine with 1 scoop, so you get the energy but without all the other effects.”
| Jacked Factory Nitrosurge | Average Pre-Workout | |
| Price per serving | $0.99 | $1.51 |
| Serving size | 8.6 g | 14 g |
| Caffeine content | 180 mg | 170 mg |
| Number of flavors | 12 | 6 |
| Third-party tested? | No | Yes |
If you’re looking for a pre-workout that’s effective, affordable, and tastes delicious, we highly recommend Jacked Factory Nitrosurge. In addition to having a good formulation that earns 4 out of 5 stars, it’s available in 12 delicious flavors.
For those who don’t generally like the taste of pre-workouts, there’s sure to be something for you with Nitrosurge. It mixes well, too, and our testers noted that it dissolves easily in water.
Why We Like Jacked Factory Nitrosurge
- It costs about one dollar per serving on Amazon, making it very affordable.
- There are 12 flavors available, which is more than the average pre-workout offers.
- It’s manufactured in a cGMP facility and uses transparent labeling, so we trust the formulation.
Nitrosurge has been my favorite pre-workout for a couple of years now. The Arctic White flavor is my go-to; I’m not kidding when I say I look forward to drinking it and it makes getting out of bed for my early-morning workouts more tolerable.
Amanda Dvorak, ISSA-CPT, ISSA-CNC
What We Didn’t Like About Jacked Factory Nitrosurge
- Despite the good formulation, there’s no third-party testing available.
- Some of the ingredients are underdosed if you use the one-scoop serving size, but taking a two-scoop serving provides 360 milligrams of caffeine, which is a very potent serving.
- Some may not like the beta-alanine tingles.
For another well-formulated that’s third-party tested and contains a full serving of creatine, we recommend 1st Phorm Project-1.
Best Caffeinated Pre-Workout for Women: Legion Pulse
Formulated with all-natural ingredients, each of which are present at a high level, Legion Pulse’s stim-free pre-workout formula is a fan favorite. If you’re trying to avoid artificial flavors and chemicals, this may be a good choice.
What our tester says:
“While it mixes well, the Blue Raspberry does have a bitter taste and an unpleasant aftertaste.”
| Legion Pulse Pre-Workout | Average Pre-Workout | |
| Price per serving | $2.50 per serving | $1.51 |
| Serving size | 22 g | 14 g |
| Caffeine content | 350 mg; stim-free version available | 170 mg |
| Number of flavors | Without caffeine: 8; with caffeine: 19 | 6 |
| Third-party tested? | Yes | Yes |
If you love the rush of energy from caffeine, Legion Pulse may be a great choice, as it provides 350 milligrams per serving–though you can also opt for the stim-free version if you want. In just one serving of Pulse, which is a naturally-sweetened product, you also get clinically-backed dosages of l-citrulline, beta-alanine, betaine anhydrous, and l-theanine.
The caffeine content is high, but one tester, Jacob Penner, USA Weightlifting L-2 coach, says that the l-theanine helps minimize the caffeine side effects. He says that the 1:1 ratio of caffeine to l-theanine provided him with a “balanced” experience, giving Pulse a 4 out of 5 for its overall effects. “Whenever I take Pulse, I feel energized but not overstimulated.”
Why We Like Legion Pulse Pre-Workout
- Potent formulation with clinically-dosed ingredients.
- Legion doesn’t use any artificial sweeteners, flavors, or filler ingredients.
- It’s third-party tested, with plenty of scientific references supporting the dosing of each ingredient.
The 350 milligrams of caffeine in Legion Pulse may be too much for some people, but I take half a serving and still feel energized without getting too jittery—and I consider myself someone who has a pretty high caffeine tolerance. It’s the way to go if transparency and clean ingredients are important to you.
Amanda Dvorak, ISSA-CPT, ISSA-CNC
What We Didn’t Like About Legion Pulse Pre-Workout
- Those sensitive to caffeine may find the 350 milligrams per serving to be a bit too strong.
- Some of the flavors aren’t very pleasant, in our experience.
- At $2.50 per serving, it’s significantly more expensive than the average pre-workout.
If you value third-party testing and ingredient quality, but prefer a milder pre-workout, we highly recommend Transparent Labs LEAN.
For more, be sure to read our comprehensive Legion Pulse Pre-Workout Review.
Our Testers
Amanda Dvorak, CPT, CNC
Amanda is a personal trainer, nutrition coach, and CrossFit enthusiast.
Nicole Davis, CPT, CNC,PN1-NC
Nicole is a certified personal trainer and nutrition coach, and GGR’s Senior Director of Content
Matt Dustin, CSCS, PN1-NC
Matt is a certified strength and conditioning specialist and nutrition coach.
Jacob Penner, NCSA, USAW-L2, CF-L1
Jacob is a former track athlete and a competitive weightlifter.
Other Pre-Workouts for Women We Tested
There are countless pre-workouts on the market, and we’ve personally tested nearly 100 different options. This made narrowing this list down to our top five quite difficult, so here are a few runner-ups we also love and recommend, even if they didn’t quite make the cut.
Best Pre-Workout for Women for Focus: Onnit Alpha Brain
- Nootropic blend
- Naturally sweetened
- Alpha-GPC
Best Pre-Workout for Women for Endurance: 1st Phorm Endura-Formance
- Has creatine
- Caffeine-free
- Electrolytes
Best Non-Stim Pre-Workout for Women: Transparent Labs Stim-Free
- Caffeine-free formula
- Transparent dosing
- Clinically dosed
Best Pre-Workout for Women for Beginners: Cellucor C4
- Classic pre-workout
- 150mg caffeine
- Widely available
Best Medium Stim Pre-Workout for Women: Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout
- Energy & focus support
- Budget-friendly
- Trusted brand
Best Natural Pre-Workout for Women: Naked Nutrition Naked Energy Pre-Workout
- All-natural vegan formulation
- 3 flavors available
- Simple recipe with only 10 ingredients
Benefits of Pre-Workouts
If you’re new to the world of supplements, pre-workout supplements may not be high on your list of priorities. After all, couldn’t you get the same effect from having a cup of coffee, or your favorite energy drink?
RELATED: Pre-Workout vs. Energy Drink
While they may seem similar, pre-workout formulas typically contain additional ingredients to support physical performance, whether that’s by delaying muscular fatigue, improving blood flow for a better muscle pump, or boosting your strength and power. It’s not uncommon to see things like l-arginine, citrulline malate, taurine, l-carnitine, and other ingredients in various pre-workout powders.
You may also see added electrolytes like magnesium, calcium, and potassium, which can help you stay hydrated and perform better during, especially if you tend to sweat a lot.
“Pre-workout supplements are beneficial for various workouts, whether you’re into strength training, cardio, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or team sports,” says Dr. Raj Dasgupta, MD, FACP, FCCP, FAASM.
Here are a few of the key benefits you can expect from a well-designed pre-workout supplement.
Supports Increased Energy
While there are stim-free pre-workouts available if you want to avoid caffeine, most of the popular pre-workouts use various stimulants to boost your energy levels before a tough workout.
“Pre-workout supplements typically contain a combination of ingredients that can boost energy, improve focus, enhance strength and endurance, and reduce muscle fatigue,” says Dr. Dasgupta.
While there are a variety of stimulants you may find in various pre-workouts, the most common one is caffeine. Caffeine is used for its ability to boost energy and endurance levels1 during intense workouts, though you may also find other stimulants like green tea extract or various b-vitamins to help you stay energized on your muscle building journey.
In addition to stimulants, nitric oxide boosters l-citrulline malate may be included, which can improve your blood flow and may indirectly provide energy.
Supports Muscle Strength
Not only do pre-workouts give you the energy to be able to work out harder and longer, some also contain creatine, which has been shown by numerous studies to support increased strength2 when combined with resistance training.
While many people like to use the best creatine supplements on a daily basis to help support strength and power, if your pre-workout already has creatine, you may not need to take any more. This can be a convenient way to save money, and help you avoid the hassle of remembering your daily scoop of creatine.
You’ll want to aim for about 5 grams per day, according to Dr. Krissy Kendall, Ph.D., so be sure to choose a supplement that clearly lists the quantities of each ingredient.
“While your body makes around 1 to 2 grams of creatine per day, individuals who train regularly may need to consume 5 to 10 grams of creatine daily to maintain their creatine stores,” she explains.. “Creatine supplementation appears to be most useful for short-duration, high-intensity, intermittent exercise, and has been shown to boost the effects of resistance training on muscle strength and size, as well as athletic performance overall.”
You may also see carnosine added to delay muscular fatigue, helping you get more reps, or betaine, which may increase muscle strength3 when used regularly.
Supports Better Cognition
While energy is one piece of the puzzle, it’s also important to stay focused during your workout. Even if you have a home gym and don’t find yourself getting distracted by talking to other gym members, it’s easy to lose track of time between sets, scrolling through your phone or worrying about other tasks.
That’s why some pre-workouts include ingredients like L-theanine, which has been shown4 to enhance memory and attention, or L-tyrosine, which can enhance cognitive performance5.
“If I have too much caffeine, I find myself feeling a bit jittery, and it can be hard to stay focused,” says GGR senior staff writer Matt Dustin, CSCS, PN1-NC. “I like having l-theanine in the mix, as it really helps me use that energy to stay focused on one task. It’s a great addition to any pre-workout if you find yourself getting too distracted throughout your workout.”
Buying Guide: What to Look for in Pre-Workouts
There are countless pre-workout formulas on the market, so if you’re considering options that aren’t on our list, here are the most important things to pay attention to before ordering anything.
Our Recommendations
If you’re feeling overwhelmed trying to find the right option, we don’t blame you, and we’re here to help.
Here’s a quick comparison guide to help you find the best pre-workout for your needs and goals.
| Buy If | Avoid If | |
| 1st Phorm Project-1 | You want 5 grams of creatine | You’re on a tight budget |
| Nutricost Pre-X Pre-Workout | You want an affordable option | You prefer more flavor variety |
| Transparent Labs LEAN | You want a thermogenic blend | You prefer a high caffeine content |
| Jacked Factory Nitrosurge | You want the best flavor | You value third-party testing |
| Legion Pulse | You want a high-stim formula | You’d rather have the best-tasting option |
| Onnit Alpha Brain | You’re looking for mental focus | You’re on a budget |
| 1st Phorm Endura-Formance | You’re an endurance athlete | You prefer a stim-based formulation |
| Transparent Labs Stim-Free | You train in the evening | You’re looking for caffeine |
| Cellucor C4 | You’re new to pre-workouts | You prefer a high-stim pre-workout |
| Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard Pre-Workout | You’re sensitive to caffeine | You want a full five grams of creatine |
| Naked Nutrition Pre-Workout | You want an all-natural formula | You prefer more active ingredients |
FAQs About the Best Pre-Workouts for Women
Is pre-workout good for females?
While there are specific populations, like pregnant people and children, who should not take pre-workout, if you take it as directed, pre-workout is considered safe. It being “good for you” is subjective—can it help you reach your fitness goals? Maybe, yes. Is it the healthiest thing you can consume? Probably not.
What is the best pre-workout for beginners?
If you’re new to pre-workout supplements, we recommend choosing a formula that contains a moderate amount of caffeine and won’t be too stimulating, like Cellucor C4.
What are the best supplements for women before a workout?
Before working out, many people can benefit from using a product that contains ingredients designed to boost performance, like caffeine, beta-alanine, and more. Some prefer to avoid stimulants, and may want to focus on hydration and endurance products instead, and consider trying a stim-free pre-workout formula.
While not necessary, a scoop of protein powder, particularly a fast-digesting form like whey protein, can also provide the essential amino acids needed to support muscle recovery, and may be worth trying before a workout.
Is pre-workout good for losing weight?
The most sustainable way to lose weight is with a proper diet and exercise plan. Pre-workout can supplement this plan to give you an energy boost during your workouts, but it shouldn’t be used as a primary strategy alone.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
References
- Guest, N. S., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Nelson, M. T., Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Jenkins, N. D. M., Arent, S. M., Antonio, J., Stout, J. R., Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Goldstein, E. R., Kalman, D. S., & Campbell, B. I. (2021). International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4
- Hall, M., Manetta, E., & Tupper, K. (2021). Creatine Supplementation: An Update. Current sports medicine reports, 20(7), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000863
- Zawieja E, Machek S, Zanchi NE, Cholewa J, Woźniewicz M. Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2024 Nov;42(22):2131-2144. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2423578. Epub 2024 Nov 8. PMID: 39514262.
- Baba, Y., Inagaki, S., Nakagawa, S., Kaneko, T., Kobayashi, M., & Takihara, T. (2021). Effects of l-Theanine on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Journal of medicinal food, 24(4), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2020.4803
- Jongkees BJ, Hommel B, Kühn S, Colzato LS. Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands–A review. J Psychiatr Res. 2015 Nov;70:50-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 25. PMID: 26424423.
